Bleeding From Gums When Brushing
Bleeding gums when brushing are most commonly caused by plaque buildup and gum inflammation, often due to gingivitis. Brushing too hard, tartar, smoking, certain medications, hormonal changes, and health conditions can also cause bleeding. If your gums bleed regularly, it is important to find the cause rather than ignore it.
Causes
Common causes of bleeding gums include:
- Plaque buildup
- Gingivitis or gum disease
- Tartar around the gumline
- Brushing too hard
- Poor cleaning between the teeth
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Hormonal changes
- Certain medications
- Diabetes
Plaque and Gingivitis
Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. When it remains around the gumline, it can irritate the gums and cause gingivitis. Red, swollen, tender, or bleeding gums are common signs.
Tartar
Plaque that is not removed can harden into tartar. A toothbrush cannot remove tartar, so professional dental cleaning may be needed. Tartar around the gumline can contribute to ongoing gum irritation and bleeding.
Brushing Too Hard
Brushing harder does not clean your teeth better. Aggressive brushing can irritate your gums. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle pressure when brushing.
Poor Cleaning Between Teeth
Plaque can build up between teeth where a toothbrush cannot reach. Daily flossing or using an interdental brush can help remove this plaque and keep your gums healthier.
Smoking, Diabetes, and Hormonal Changes
Smoking and diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease. Hormonal changes, including those during pregnancy, can also make gums more sensitive to plaque and inflammation.
Certain medications may also make bleeding easier or last longer.
Symptoms
Bleeding gums may occur with other signs of gum problems, such as:
- Red or swollen gums
- Tender gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Gum recession
- Bleeding when flossing
- Gums pulling away from the teeth
- Loose teeth in advanced gum disease
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. If plaque-related gingivitis is responsible, improving your oral hygiene and having a professional dental cleaning can help.
Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste using a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle pressure. Clean between your teeth daily with floss or an interdental brush.
If tartar or periodontitis is present, you may need professional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
How to Stop Gums From Bleeding
To help reduce bleeding gums:
- Brush gently twice a day.
- Clean between your teeth every day.
- Use fluoride toothpaste.
- Avoid smoking and tobacco.
- Do not try to scrape tartar off at home.
- Have regular dental checkups and cleanings.
Do not stop brushing because your gums bleed. Leaving plaque on your teeth can make gum inflammation worse.
When Should You See a Dentist?
See a dentist if your gums continue to bleed when brushing or flossing, especially if you have swelling, pain, bad breath, gum recession, or loose teeth.
If you take blood-thinning medication, tell your dentist about the bleeding and speak with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication.
A dental examination can identify the cause and help prevent gum problems from becoming more serious.